BACKGROUND: Treatment decisions in recurrent breast cancer are usually based on the
estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR) and HER2 receptor status of the primary tumour …

Context Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a chronic illness causing progressive deterioration in
quality of life. Brain dysfunction may be the most important and least studied problem …

Introduction Immunohistochemistry of primary breast cancer is routinely used to guide
changes in therapy at the time of relapse. Retrospective reviews suggest that the estrogen …

The International Tamoxifen Pharmacogenomics Consortium was established to address
the controversy regarding cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) status and clinical outcomes in …

Background AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a cellular fuel gauge that
responds to energy stress by suppressing cell growth and biosynthetic processes, thus …

Background: Progesterone receptor (PR) expression assessment in early invasive breast
cancer remains controversial. This study sought to re-evaluate PR expression as a potential …

Objectives Patient-tailored treatments for breast cancer are based on histological and
immunohistochemical (IHC) subtypes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) texture analysis …

Shear wave elastography (SWE) shows promise as an adjunct to greyscale ultrasound
examination in assessing breast masses. In breast cancer, higher lesion stiffness on SWE …

Although the issue of whether sickle cell trait (SCT) is clinically benign or a significant health
concern has not yet been resolved, the potential health risk to affected individuals is of vital …

Introduction Normal function of the p53 network is lost in most cancers, often through p53
mutation. The clinical impact of p53 mutations in breast cancer remains uncertain, especially …