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BAF complexes facilitate decatenation of DNA by topoisomerase IIα

Nature volume 497, pages 624–627 (2013)Cite this article

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Abstract

Recent exon-sequencing studies of human tumours have revealed that subunits of BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are mutated in more than 20% of all human malignancies1,2, but the mechanisms involved in tumour suppression are unclear. BAF chromatin-remodelling complexes are polymorphic assemblies that use energy provided by ATP hydrolysis to regulate transcription through the control of chromatin structure3 and the placement of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) across the genome4,5. Several proteins dedicated to this multisubunit complex, including BRG1 (also known as SMARCA4) and BAF250a (also known as ARID1A), are mutated at frequencies similar to those of recognized tumour suppressors. In particular, the core ATPase BRG1 is mutated in 5–10% of childhood medulloblastomas6,7,8,9 and more than 15% of Burkitt’s lymphomas10,11. Here we show a previously unknown function of BAF complexes in decatenating newly replicated sister chromatids, a requirement for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. We find that deletion of Brg1 in mouse cells, as well as the expression of BRG1 point mutants identified in human tumours, leads to anaphase bridge formation (in which sister chromatids are linked by catenated strands of DNA) and a G2/M-phase block characteristic of the decatenation checkpoint. Endogenous BAF complexes interact directly with endogenous topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) through BAF250a and are required for the binding of TOP2A to approximately 12,000 sites across the genome. Our results demonstrate that TOP2A chromatin binding is dependent on the ATPase activity of BRG1, which is compromised in oncogenic BRG1 mutants. These studies indicate that the ability of TOP2A to prevent DNA entanglement at mitosis requires BAF complexes and suggest that this activity contributes to the role of BAF subunits as tumour suppressors.

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Figure 1: BRG1 associates with TOP2A and regulates its function.
Figure 2: Expression of medulloblastoma-associated BRG1 mutants phenocopy TOP2A inhibition.
Figure 3: BRG1 facilitates the binding of TOP2A to chromatin in vivo through ATPase-dependent chromatin-remodelling activity.
Figure 4: TOP2A associates with the BAF complex through BAF250a.

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Accession codes

Accessions

Gene Expression Omnibus

Data deposits

The TOP2A ChIP-seq is deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession number GSE45625.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the DNA Sequencing Core facility of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) for sequencing the ChIP-seq libraries. This work was supported by the NIH (G.R.C.), The American Cancer Society (E.C.D.), The Helen Hay Whitney Foundation (D.C.H.) and the Division of Intramural Research program of NHLBI (K.Z.). G.R.C. is an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

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Author notes

  1. Emily C. Dykhuizen and Diana C. Hargreaves: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Emily C. Dykhuizen, Diana C. Hargreaves, Erik L. Miller & Gerald R. Crabtree

  2. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Emily C. Dykhuizen, Diana C. Hargreaves & Gerald R. Crabtree

  3. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Erik L. Miller

  4. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA

    Kairong Cui & Keji Zhao

  5. CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany,

    Andrey Korshunov

  6. Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany,

    Marcel Kool & Stefan Pfister

  7. Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg 69120, Germany,

    Stefan Pfister

  8. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Yoon-Jae Cho

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Contributions

E.C.D., D.C.H. and G.R.C. designed the experiments, and E.C.D. and D.C.H. performed the experiments. E.M. performed bioinformatic analysis. A.K., M.K., S.P. and Y-J.C. contributed human tumour samples. K.Z. and K.C. performed sequencing of the TOP2A ChIP. E.C.D., D.C.H. and G.R.C. wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerald R. Crabtree.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Dykhuizen, E., Hargreaves, D., Miller, E. et al. BAF complexes facilitate decatenation of DNA by topoisomerase IIα. Nature 497, 624–627 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12146

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