Table 2

Number of screening tests and colposcopies carried out each year (x10 000) under different screening protocols (mean and 95% CI), assuming 2013 population age distribution. Borderline indicates results that cannot definitely be classified as either normal or abnormal.

Screening parametersPrimary cytologyPrimary HPV (3-year recall)Primary HPV (5-year recall)
MeanLowerUpperMeanLowerUpperMeanLowerUpper
Cytology tests (x10 000)
 All31.4630.9331.963.963.723.983.252.873.24
 Normal28.6428.0629.312.572.272.772.061.752.06
 Borderline1.831.392.181.080.741.280.910.670.90
 Mild0.720.480.970.250.160.340.210.130.21
 Moderate0.170.070.280.060.030.080.050.030.05
 Severe0.110.020.220.010.010.020.010.000.01
HPV tests (x10 000)
 All2.722.213.1433.1632.6033.5926.0925.5226.08
 HPV negative1.581.161.9628.6828.3029.1922.4321.9222.43
 HPV positive1.140.901.354.484.194.500.003.223.65
Colposcopies (x10 000)
 All1.070.841.251.471.281.551.241.041.23
 Normal0.630.470.770.780.670.830.650.540.65
 CIN10.240.180.280.380.320.410.320.260.32
 CIN2 or worse0.200.150.230.320.260.350.270.220.27
New cancer cases and deaths
 Cases211814752869182810162738199913563022
 Deaths520364704461325752475337777
Screening and treatment costs
 Screening (£ million)1341221451201121319891107
 Screening and treatment (£ million)153139165137126147114104127
 Discounted lifetime costs per women (£)160146172145134157121108131
Discounted QALYs lost per 1000 women
 Life years lost only15.79.223.914.67.921.215.38.522.4
 QALYs: base case13.610.516.51612.819.814.411.317.9
 QALYs: minimum screen QALY losses63.785.53.37.35.23.27.6
 QALYs: maximum screen QALY losses19.515.122.522.518.426.219.916.223.7
  • CIN, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia; HPV, human papillomavirus; QALY, quality-adjusted life-years.