Association of clinicopathological characteristics with underdiagnosis: logistic regression analyzes
| Characteristic | Univariate | Multivariate* | ||
| ORunadj (95% CI) | P value | ORadj (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age≥40 years | 1.15 (0.60 to 2.22) | 0.667 | ||
| Post-menopausal | 1.35 (0.81 to 2.26) | 0.251 | ||
| Histology type (ref: others) | ||||
| Serous lesions | 0.33 (0.12 to 0.88) | 0.027 | ||
| Mucinous lesions | 1.07 (0.60 to 1.92) | 0.814 | ||
| Clear cell lesions | 0.41 (0.17 to 0.97) | 0.042 | ||
| Staging (ref: II–IV) | ||||
| I | 3.76 (1.57 to 9.01) | 0.003 | 3.62 (1.50 to 8.69) | 0.004 |
| Intact capsule | 1.90 (1.13 to 3.19) | 0.015 | ||
| Frozen section blocks (n) (ref: 1) | ||||
| 2 | 0.92 (0.54 to 1.59) | 0.772 | ||
| ≥3 | 1.53 (0.60 to 3.92) | 0.372 | ||
| Imprints | 0.85 (0.41 to 1.76) | 0.669 | ||
| Tumor size (cm; ref: <5) | ||||
| 5–14.9 | 0.47 (0.12 to 1.84) | 0.280 | ||
| ≥15 | 0.72 (0.19 to 2.81) | 0.642 | ||
| Bilateral tumor | 0.89 (0.40 to 1.98) | 0.773 | ||
| Ascites | 0.78 (0.41 to 1.47) | 0.447 | ||
| Ultrasound score 0 (ref: ≥1) | 2.52 (1.14 to 5.59) | 0.023 | 2.32 (1.03 to 5.21) | 0.041 |
| Pre-operative CA125 >35 IU/mL | 0.68 (0.39 to 1.17) | 0.165 | ||
| Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) (ref: <25) | ||||
| 25–250 | 0.57 (0.27 to 1.17) | 0.126 | ||
| >250 | 0.53 (0.27 to 1.05) | 0.067 | ||
| Open surgery | 4.34 (0.57 to 32.79) | 0.155 | ||
| Scheduled elective surgery | 1.79 (0.22 to 14.40) | 0.582 | ||
*Multivariate logistic regression using backward selection method with variables including histology type, staging, capsule intact, ultrasound score, and RMI.
ORadj, adjusted OR; ORunadj, unadjusted OR; ref, reference.