Summary of patient characteristics at the time of the surgery and at the time of the survey, by extent of nodal sampling
| Characteristic | LND group | SLN group | P* |
| n=101 | n=120 | ||
| At the time of the surgery | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.5 (7.9) | 64.0 (9.6) | 0.22 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 32.1 (26.2–37.5) | 33.6 (28.8–40.0) | 0.019 |
| BMI (kg/m2), N (%) | 0.008 | ||
| <25.0 | 20 (19.8) | 9 (7.5) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 23 (22.8) | 31 (25.8) | |
| 30.0–39.9 | 46 (45.5) | 49 (40.8) | |
| 40.0 or higher | 12 (11.9) | 31 (25.8) | |
| ASA score, N (%) | 0.55 | ||
| <3 | 80 (79.2) | 91 (75.8) | |
| ≥3 | 21 (20.8) | 29 (24.2) | |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 16 (15.8) | 15 (12.5) | 0.48 |
| Chronic heart failure | 1 (1.0) | 5 (4.2) | 0.22 |
| Moderate/severe renal disease | 2 (2.0) | 2 (1.7) | 0.99 |
| Surgical details | |||
| FIGO grade, N (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 36 (35.6) | 75 (62.5) | |
| 2 | 30 (29.7) | 21 (17.5) | |
| 3 | 35 (34.7) | 24 (20.0) | |
| FIGO stage, N (%) | 0.26 | ||
| I/II | 90 (89.1) | 112 (93.3) | |
| III/IV | 11 (10.9) | 8 (6.7) | |
| Histology, N (%)† | 0.27 | ||
| Non-endometrioid | 19 (18.8) | 16 (13.3) | |
| Endometrioid | 82 (81.2) | 104 (86.7) | |
| Surgical staging approach, N (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Bilateral LND only, no SLN mapping attempted | 37 (36.6) | ||
| ‘Backup’ LND after SLN mapping | 64 (63.4)‡ | ||
| SLN removed, no LND | 103 (85.8) | ||
| SLN removed with unilateral side-specific LND | 17 (14.2) | ||
| Total nodes removed via SLN among those with nodes removed, median (IQR) | 2 (2–3)‡ | 3 (2–5) | <0.001 |
| LND performed, N (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | – | 103 (85.8) | |
| Pelvic only | 56 (55.4) | 13 (10.8) | |
| Para-aortic only | – | 2 (1.7) | |
| Pelvic and para-aortic | 45 (44.6) | 2 (1.7) | |
| Total pelvic and para-aortic nodes removed via LND among those with nodes removed, median (IQR) | 26 (20–35) | 7 (4–9) | <0.001 |
| Total nodes removed by any means (SLN+LND), median (IQR) | 26 (20–35) | 4 (3–6) | <0.001 |
| Adjuvant therapy, N (%) | 0.26 | ||
| None or VB alone | 81 (80.2) | 103 (85.8) | |
| EBRT±VB | 2 (2.0) | 1 (0.8) | |
| Chemotherapy±VB | 11 (10.9) | 10 (8.3) | |
| Chemotherapy and EBRT±VB | 6 (5.9) | 2 (1.7) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1.0) | 4 (3.3) | |
| At the time of the survey | |||
| Time between surgery and survey (years), median (IQR) | 2.5 (2.3–3.1) | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | <0.001 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 68.3 (7.9) | 66.2 (9.6) | 0.09 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 30.1 (25.6–35.2) | 31.5 (28.0–37.6) | 0.04 |
| BMI (kg/m2), N (%) | 0.04 | ||
| <25.0 | 22/97 (22.7) | 14/118 (11.9) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 26/97 (26.8) | 35/118 (29.7) | |
| 30.0–39.9 | 44/97 (45.4) | 53/118 (44.9) | |
| 40.0 or higher | 5/97 (5.2) | 16/118 (13.6) | |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 28 (27.7) | 35 (29.2) | 0.81 |
| Chronic heart failure | 5 (5.0) | 10 (8.3) | 0.32 |
| Moderate/severe renal disease | 5 (5.0) | 4 (3.3) | 0.74 |
| Ever received EBRT or chemotherapy after surgery as treatment for primary or recurrence, N (%) | 0.003 | ||
| None | 46 (45.5) | 83 (69.2) | |
| EBRT alone | 35 (34.7) | 22 (18.3) | |
| Chemotherapy alone | 3 (3.0) | 4 (3.3) | |
| Chemotherapy and EBRT | 17 (16.8) | 11 (9.2) | |
| Ever diagnosed with a recurrence (based on self-report from survey or information in the medical record prior to the survey response date), N (%) | 9/100 (9.0) | 4/118 (3.4) | 0.08 |
| Lower extremity lymphedema, N (%) | 38 (37.6) | 31 (25.8) | 0.06 |
| Lower extremity lymphedema, by method of detection, N (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Reported being diagnosed but did not meet screening criteria at the time of the survey | 4 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Met screener and reported being diagnosed | 17 (16.8) | 4 (3.3) | |
| Met screener only | 17 (16.8) | 27 (22.5) | |
| Not detected by any method | 63 (62.4) | 89 (74.2) |
*Comparisons between the two groups were evaluated using the two-sample t-test for age, Wilcoxon rank-sum test for all other continuous or ordinal variables, and χ2 or Fisher’s exact for categorical variables.
†Endometrioid histology includes endometrioid and mixed endometrioid and mucinous histology; non-endometrioid histology includes serous, clear cell, carcinosarcoma, mixed serous, and mixed clear cell.
‡Among these 64 patients in the LND group, 47 had SLN removed.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; EBRT, external beam radiation therapy; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; LND, lymphadenectomy; SLN, sentinel lymph node sampling; VB, vaginal brachytherapy.