Clinical characteristics of 886 women with vulvar cancer overall and according to frailty, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, 2014–2020
| Overall (n=886) | N (%) | P value | ||
| Non-frail (n=669) | Frail (n=217) | |||
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age ≥65 years | 513 (57.9) | 361 (54.0) | 152 (70.1) | <0.0001 |
| Race | 0.11 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 624 (70.4) | 473 (70.7) | 151 (69.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 44 (5.0) | 31 (4.6) | 13 (6.0) | |
| Hispanic | 37 (4.2) | 24 (3.6) | 13 (6.0) | |
| Other | 23 (2.6) | 14 (2.1) | 9 (4.2) | |
| Unknown | 158 (17.8) | 127 (19.0) | 31 (14.3) | |
| mFI | --- | |||
| 0 | 310 (35.0) | 310 (46.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 1 | 359 (40.5) | 359 (53.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 2 | 188 (21.2) | 0 (0.0) | 188 (86.6) | |
| 3 | 28 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (12.9) | |
| 4 | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <0.0001 | |||
| <30 | 441 (49.8) | 365 (54.6) | 76 (35.0) | |
| 30–39.9 | 322 (36.3) | 231 (34.5) | 91 (41.9) | |
| ≥40 | 116 (13.1) | 68 (10.2) | 48 (22.1) | |
| Unknown | 7 (0.8) | 5 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Surgery type | 0.83 | |||
| Radical vulvectomy only | 442 (49.9) | 336 (50.2) | 106 (48.9) | |
| Radical vulvectomy+unilateral IFN | 173 (19.5) | 132 (19.7) | 41 (18.9) | |
| Radical vulvectomy+bilateral IFN | 271 (30.6) | 201 (30.0) | 70 (32.3) | |
| Pre-operative albumin (mg/dL) | 0.003 | |||
| <3 | 14 (1.6) | 6 (0.9) | 8 (3.7) | |
| ≥3 | 441 (49.8) | 324 (48.4) | 117 (53.9) | |
| Unknown | 431 (48.7) | 339 (50.7) | 92 (42.4) | |
| Pre-operative albumin, mean (SD) | 4.0 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.5) | 0.0005 |
| Length of stay (days) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0.05 |
| Disseminated cancer | 25 (2.8) | 21 (3.1) | 4 (1.8) | 0.32 |
| ASA classification ≥3 | 572 (64.6) | 389 (58.2) | 183 (84.3) | <0.0001 |
| Smoker within 1 year of surgery | 180 (20.3) | 132 (19.7) | 48 (22.1) | 0.45 |
| On dialysis prior to surgery | 8 (0.9) | 3 (0.5) | 5 (2.3) | 0.02 |
| Steroid use for chronic condition | 42 (4.7) | 37 (5.5) | 5 (2.3) | 0.05 |
| Weight loss prior to surgery | 5 (0.6) | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 1.00 |
| Operating time (minutes) | 100.5 (62–152) | 99 (62–148) | 101 (63–166) | 0.37 |
| mFI components | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 196 (22.1) | 28 (4.2) | 168 (77.4) | <0.0001 |
| Functional dependency | 30 (3.4) | 3 (0.5) | 27 (12.4) | <0.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.8) | 0.004 |
| History of severe COPD | 72 (8.1) | 20 (3.0) | 52 (24.0) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 521 (58.8) | 308 (46.0) | 213 (98.2) | <0.0001 |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IFN, inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy; mFI, modified frailty index.