Factors affecting IES mean scores
| Model and variable | Coefficient | SE | P>|z| | 95% CI |
| IES model, n=118 | ||||
| Gender | −4.765 | 2.951 | 0.11 | −10.636 to 1.106 |
| Ethnicity | −1.743 | 3.776 | 0.646 | −9.256 to 5.77 |
| Income | −8.123 | 5.964 | 0.177 | −19.989 to 3.743 |
| Marital status | −5.201 | 4.042 | 0.202 | −13.244 to 2.842 |
| Religion | −4.414 | 3.249 | 0.178 | −10.879 to 2.051 |
| Age | −0.117 | 0.501 | 0.815 | −1.113 to 0.879 |
| Healthcare sector (both vs private) | 0.741 | 6.986 | 0.916 | −13.159 to 14.64 |
| Healthcare sector (government vs private) | 1.727 | 5.454 | 0.752 | −9.125 to 12.578 |
| Postgraduate experience | −0.099 | 0.445 | 0.825 | −0.984 to 0.786 |
| Total years of fellowship | −1.358 | 1.669 | 0.418 | −4.678 to 1.962 |
| HDI | −14.951 | 6.177 | 0.018 | −27.241 to −2.66 |
| National training program | 10.344 | 4.007 | 0.012 | 2.371 to 18.316 |
| Shielding | 0.719 | 4.015 | 0.858 | −7.269 to 8.708 |
| Additional training time | 5.712 | 3.641 | 0.121 | −1.534 to 12.957 |
| Overall increase in clinical workload | −1.614 | 4.664 | 0.73 | −10.894 to 7.666 |
| PPE access | −18.193 | 10.273 | 0.08 | −38.633 to 2.246 |
| COVID-19 sickness | 1.163 | 3.106 | 0.709 | −5.017 to 7.342 |
| Redeployment | −3.614 | 4.651 | 0.439 | −12.868 to 5.641 |
| Adequate pastoral support | −14.718 | 4.016 | <0.001 | −22.71 to −6.727 |
Multiple linear regression model evaluating the association of covariates with IES mean scores. Model adjusted for gender, ethnicity, income, marital status, religion, income, age, and postgraduate experience.
IES is a 15-item validated questionnaire. Each item scored on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 to 5 with total scores ranging from 0 to 75. Higher scores indicate higher distress levels.
Gender: male vs female.
Ethnicity: white (reference category) vs non-white.
Income: $>150 000 (reference category) vs $<50 000.
Marital status: married/cohabiting (reference category) vs single/divorced.
Religion: Muslim/Christian/Jewish/Hindu/Buddhist (reference category) vs none.
Age: age in years (continuous variable).
Healthcare sector: trainees working in both government and private healthcare settings vs private only (reference category).
Healthcare sector: trainees working in government only healthcare settings vs private only (reference category).
Postgraduate experience: number of years (continuous variable).
Total years of fellowship: number of years (continuous variable).
HDI: very high/high (reference category) vs medium.
National training program: yes (reference category) vs no.
Shielding: yes (reference category) vs no.
Additional training time: definitely/probably/don't know (reference category) vs probably not/definitely not.
Overall increase in clinical workload: yes (reference category) vs no.
PPE access: yes all the time/yes some of the time (reference category) vs no most of the time/not at all.
COVID-19 sickness: yes (reference category) vs no.
Redeployment: yes (reference category) vs no.
Adequate pastoral support: yes all the time/yes some of the time (reference category) vs no most of the time/not at all.
HDI, Human Development Index; IES, Impact of Event Scale questionnaire; PPE, personal protective equipment.