Next-generation sequencing studies
| Author | Year | n | Tumor site | Stage | Sample | Sequence | Reference |
| Friedlander | 2016 | 105 | N/A | N/A | FFPE | 46-gene panel | 45 |
| Wang | 2017 | 35 | Primary | N/A | Frozen tissue | Whole-genome sequencing | 43 |
| Maru | 2017 | 18 | Primary | I/II 15 (83.3%) III/IV 3 (16.7%) | FFPE | 409-gene panel | 49 |
| Elvin | 2017 | 125 | Primary (45.6%) and metastatic (54.4%) | N/A | FFPE | FoundationOne 315-gene panel | 55 |
| Arildsen | 2017 | 10 | Primary | N/A | FFPE | 60-gene panel | 54 |
| Itamochi | 2017 | 55 | Primary | I/II 33 (60%) III/IV 22 (40%) | Frozen tissue | Whole-genome sequencing | 41 |
| Murakami | 2017 | 39 | Primary | N/A | Frozen tissue | Whole-exome sequencing | 42 |
| Shibuya | 2017 | 48 | Primary | I/II 29 (60.4%) III/IV 19 (39.6%) | FFPE | Whole-exome sequencing | 48 |
| Kim | 2018 | 15 | Primary | I/II 11 (73.3%) III/IV 4 (26.7%) | Frozen tissue | Whole-exome sequencing | 44 |
| Caumanns | 2018 | 124 | Primary | N/A | Frozen tissue | Kinome sequencing 518 kinases, 13 diglyceride kinases, 18 PI3K domain and regulatory component genes, and 48 cancer-related genes | 127 |
| Takenaka | 2019 | 68 | Primary | I/II 19 (27.9%) III/IV 49 72.0%) | FFPE | 103-gene panel | 51 |
FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue; N/A, not available.