Tumor characteristics by route of hysterectomy
| Open | Laparoscopic | Robotic | Total | P value | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| No of cases | 1305 (44.3) | 410 (13.9) | 1234 (41.8) | 2949 (100) | |
| Surgical field | <0.001 | ||||
| Simple hysterectomy | 1100 (42.5) | 373 (14.4) | 1115 (43.1) | 2588 (100) | |
| Radical hysterectomy | 205 (56.8) | 37 (10.2) | 119 (33.0) | 361 (100) | |
| Histology | <0.001 | ||||
| Endometrioid carcinoma | 907 (41.3) | 317 (14.4) | 970 (44.2) | 2194 (100) | |
| Serous carcinoma | 164 (44.1) | 55 (14.8) | 153 (41.1) | 372 (100) | |
| Clear cell carcinoma | 60 (57.7) | 10 (9.6) | 34 (32.7) | 104 (100) | |
| Carcinosarcoma | 174 (62.4) | 28 (10.0) | 77 (27.6) | 279 (100) | |
| Grade | <0.001 | ||||
| Well differentiated | 186 (37.6) | 73 (14.7) | 236 (47.7) | 495 (100) | |
| Moderately differentiated | 339 (40.9) | 129 (15.6) | 360 (43.5) | 828 (100) | |
| Poorly differentiated | 627 (51.1) | 156 (12.7) | 443 (36.1) | 1226 (100) | |
| Unknown | 153 (38.3) | 52 (13.0) | 195 (48.8) | 400 (100) | |
| Tumor size (cm) | |||||
| Mean±SD | 6.20±5.28 | 5.82±1.02 | 5.10±13.41 | 5.69±4.80 | <0.001* |
| Tumor size stratified (cm) | <0.001 | ||||
| <2 | 90 (38.3) | 41 (17.4) | 104 (44.2) | 235 (100) | |
| ≥2 and <4 | 259 (36.6) | 103 (14.5) | 346 (48.9) | 708 (100) | |
| ≥4 | 767 (48.1) | 211 (13.2) | 617 (38.7) | 1595 (100) | |
| Unknown | 189 (46.0) | 55 (13.4) | 167 (40.6) | 411 (100) | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 0.258 | ||||
| No | 799 (44.9) | 227 (12.7) | 755 (42.4) | 1781 (100) | |
| Yes | 409 (43.1) | 148 (15.6) | 393 (41.4) | 950 (100) | |
| Unknown | 97 (44.5) | 35 (16.1) | 86 (39.4) | 218 (100) | |
| Surgical margin | 0.518 | ||||
| Negative | 1192 (44.2) | 376 (13.9) | 1128 (41.8) | 2696 (100) | |
| Positive | 30 (42.3) | 6 (8.5) | 35 (49.3) | 71 (100) | |
| Unknown | 83 (45.6) | 28 (15.4) | 71 (39.0) | 182 (100) | |
| Adjuvant treatment | 0.001 | ||||
| No | 341 (47.6) | 97 (13.5) | 279 (38.9) | 717 (100) | |
| Chemotherapy only | 142 (50.9) | 35 (12.5) | 102 (36.6) | 279 (100) | |
| Radiation therapy only | 475 (39.5) | 171 (14.2) | 556 (46.3) | 1202 (100) | |
| Radiation therapy and chemotherapy | 297 (47.1) | 83 (13.2) | 251 (39.8) | 631 (100) | |
| Unknown | 50 (41.7) | 24 (20.0) | 46 (38.3) | 120 (100) | |
Data are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
Percentages are in row percent, and proportions were compared using χ2 tests.
*A t-test was used to calculate p values for the mean difference of tumor size (cm) for open vs laparoscopic vs robotic surgery.