Variable (#, %), (mean+SD) | Unmatched | Propensity-matched | ||||
No-epidural n=14 157 | Epidural n=2035 | P-value | No-epidural n=2035 | Epidural n=2035 | SMD | |
Age (years) | 60.1±12.5 | 60.5±12.4 | 0.143 | 60.7±12.3 | 60.5±12.4 | 0.013 |
Ascites | 1505 (10.6) | 279 (13.7) | <0.001 | 285 (14.0) | 279 (13.7) | 0.011 |
ASA class | ||||||
1 | 281 (2.0) | 24 (1.2) | <0.001 | 27 (1.3) | 24 (1.2) | 0.024 |
2 | 5337 (37.7) | 684 (33.6) | 642 (31.5) | 684 (33.6) | ||
3 | 7765 (54.8) | 1167 (57.3) | 1215 (59.7) | 1167 (57.3) | ||
4 | 772 (5.5) | 160 (7.9) | 151 (7.4) | 160 (7.9) | ||
5 | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.2±9.1 | 30.3±9.0 | <0.001 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 0.021 |
Tobacco use in 1 year prior to operation | 1808 (12.8) | 301 (14.8) | 0.011 | 289 (14.2) | 301 (14.8) | 0.014 |
>10% weight loss prior to operation | 514 (3.6) | 80 (3.9) | 0.500 | 79 (3.9) | 80 (3.9) | 0.000 |
Race | ||||||
Caucasian | 9589 (67.7) | 1295 (63.6) | <0.001 | 1305 (64.1) | 1295 (63.6) | 0.026 |
African-American | 1440 (10.2) | 169 (8.3) | 183 (9.0) | 169 (8.3) | ||
Other | 673 (4.8) | 87 (4.3) | 97 (4.8) | 87 (4.3) | ||
Unknown | 2455 (17.3) | 484 (23.8) | 450 (22.1) | 484 (23.8) | ||
Hispanic | ||||||
Yes | 2103 (14.9) | 451 (22.2) | <0.001 | 394 (19.4) | 451 (22.2) | 0.045 |
Unknown | 799 (5.6) | 67 (3.3) | 105 (5.1) | 67 (3.3) | ||
Co-morbidities | ||||||
Bleeding disorders | 350 (2.5) | 35 (1.7) | 0.37 | 37 (1.8) | 35 (1.7) | 0.008 |
CHF | 47 (0.3) | 11 (0.5) | 0.141 | 14 (0.7) | 11 (0.5) | 0.027 |
COPD | 342 (2.4) | 70 (3.4) | 0.006 | 64 (3.1) | 70 (3.4) | 0.011 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2257 (15.9) | 294 (14.4) | 0.083 | 287 (14.1) | 294 (14.4) | 0.008 |
Hypertension | 6548 (46.3) | 909 (44.7) | 0.180 | 914 (45.0) | 909 (44.7) | 0.007 |
Steroid use | 404 (2.9) | 44 (2.2) | 0.075 | 39 (1.9) | 44 (2.2) | 0.017 |
Parity | 1.7±1.6 | 1.7±1.5 | 0.595 | 1.7±1.5 | 1.7±1.5 | 0.005 |
Preoperative laboratories | ||||||
Platelet count (x109/L) | 287±124 | 274±152 | 0.04 | 277±126 | 274±152 | 0.017 |
Hematocrit (%) | 34.4±19.4 | 33.3±22.7 | <0.001 | 33.5±22.3 | 33.3±22.4 | 0.008 |
History of abdominal/pelvic surgery | 8187 (57.8) | 1198 (58.9) | 0.374 | 1178 (57.9) | 1198 (58.9) | 0.018 |
Lymphadenectomy (% yes) | 9176 (64.8) | 1266 (62.2) | 0.022 | 1246 (61.2) | 1266 (62.2) | 0.02 |
Cancer type | ||||||
Cervical | 1264 (8.9) | 115 (5.7) | <0.001 | 117 (5.7) | 115 (5.7) | 0.004 |
Ovarian | 5725 (40.4) | 1007 (49.5) | <0.001 | 990 (48.6) | 1007 (49.5) | 0.014 |
Uterine | 5885 (41.6) | 688 (33.8) | <0.001 | 675 (33.2) | 688 (33.8) | 0.014 |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiology; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SMD, standard mean deviation (no difference if <0.1), all P-values >0.05.