Clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients who underwent splenectomy with or without distal pancreatectomy
| Characteristic | Total (n=156) | Splenectomy (n=134) | Splenectomy + distal pancreatectomy (n=22) | P value |
| Median age at diagnosis (years) (range) | 65 (24–91) | 64 (24–91) | 69 (32–77) | N/S |
| Median pre-operative CA125 (U/mL) (range) | 464 (18–18 919) | 464 (18–18 919) | 461 (87–16 000) | N/S |
| Median pre-operative albumin (g/dL) (range) | 41 (21–52) | 41 (21–49) | 42 (29–52) | N/S |
| Median estimated blood loss (mL) (range) | 2000 (400–11 000) | 2074.5 (400–11 000) | 1900 (600–5100) | N/S |
| CT scan identification of splenic or pancreas disease (n (%)) | ||||
| Yes | 28 (17.9) | 19 (14.2) | 9 (40.9) | 0.021 |
| No | 98 (62.9) | 86 (64.2) | 12 (54.6) | |
| Missing data | 30 (19.2) | 29 (21.6) | 1 (4.5) | |
| Median volume of ascites (mL) (range) | 1000 (0–12 000) | 1500 (0–12 000) | 500 (0–5000) | N/S |
| Surgery indication (n (%)) | ||||
| PDS | 89 (57.0) | 77 (57.5) | 12 (54.6) | N/S |
| IDS | 50 (32.1) | 42 (31.3) | 8 (36.4) | |
| Recurrence | 17 (10.9) | 15 (11.2) | 2 (9.0) | |
| Spleen involvement (n (%)) | ||||
| Hilum | 47 (30.1) | 37 (27.6) | 10 (45.4) | N/S |
| Capsule | 39 (25.0) | 36 (26.9) | 3 (13.7) | |
| Hilum + capsule | 31 (19.9) | 26 (19.4) | 5 (22.7) | |
| Others (including parenchymal) | 39 (25.0) | 35 (26.1) | 4 (18.2) | |
| Surgical complexity score (n (%))14 | ||||
| Low (0–3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/S |
| Intermediate (4–7) | 74 (47.4) | 61 (45.5) | 13 (59.1) | |
| High (>8) | 82 (52.6) | 73 (54.5) | 9 (40.9) | |
| Residual disease (n (%)) | ||||
| 0 mm | 60 (38.5) | 50 (37.3) | 10 (45.4) | N/S |
| 0–10 mm | 84 (53.8) | 75 (56.0) | 9 (40.9) | |
| >10 mm | 12 (7.7) | 9 (6.7) | 3 (13.7) | |
| Intra-operative complications (CTCAE 4.03) n (%))15 | N/S | |||
| Grade 3 | 16 (10.2) | 16 (11.9) | 0 | |
| Grade 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Grade 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Post-operative complications (Clavien–Dindo) (n (%))16 | ||||
| Grade 1 | 9 (5.8) | 7 (5.2) | 2 (9.0) | N/S |
| Grade 2 | 54 (34.6) | 42 (31.3) | 12 (54.6) | |
| Grade 3 | 9 (5.8) | 8 (6.0) | 1 (4.5) | |
| Grade 4 | 5 (3.2) | 3 (2.2) | 2 (9.0) | |
| Grade 5 | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (4.5) | |
| FIGO stage (n (%))2 | ||||
| IIIC | 98 (62.8) | 85 (63.4) | 13 (59.1) | N/S |
| IVA | 10 (6.4) | 9 (6.7) | 1 (4.5) | |
| IVB | 31 (19.9) | 25 (18.7) | 6 (27.3) | |
| Recurrent | 17 (10.9) | 15 (11.2) | 2 (9.0) | |
| Histology (n (%)) | ||||
| High-grade serous | 128 (82.1) | 110 (82.1) | 18 (81.8) | |
| Low-grade serous | 8 (5.1) | 6 (4.5) | 2 (9.0) | N/S |
| Mucinous | 3 (1.9) | 3 (2.2) | 0 | |
| Carcinosarcoma | 7 (4.5) | 7 (5.2) | 0 | |
| Endometrioid | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (4.5) | |
| Clear cell | 4 (2.6) | 4 (3.0) | 0 | |
| Others | 5 (3.2) | 4 (3.0) | 1 (4.5) | |
| Pancreas tissue confirmed in histology (n (%)) | 23 (14.7) | 1* | 22 | N/A |
| POPF (n (%))13 | ||||
| Yes | 27 (17.3) | 13 (9.7) | 14 (63.7) | 0.0001 |
| No | 72 (46.1) | 66 (49.2) | 6 (27.3) | |
| No drain inserted | 34 (21.8) | 33 (24.6) | 1 (4.5) | |
| N/R | 23 (14.7) | 22 (16.4) | 1 (4.5) | |
| Grade of POPF (n (%))13 | ||||
| BL | 19 (12.2) | 11 (8.2) | 8 (36.4) | N/S |
| Grade B | 6 (3.8) | 2 (1.5) | 4 (18.2) | |
| Grade C | 2 (1.3) | 0 | 2 (9.0) |
*Not sampled in all specimens.
BL, biochemical leak; CT, computed tomography; CTCAE, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events; FIGO, International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology; IDS, interval debulking surgery; N/A, not applicable; N/R, not reported; N/S, not statistically significant; PDS, primary debulking surgery; POPF, post-operative pancreatic fistula.