Patient demographics and clinical characteristics*
| Characteristic | Overall (n=584) | First period (n=194) | Second period (n=191) | Third period (n=199) | P value |
| Age (years) (median (min, max)) | 59 (18, 84) | 59 (18, 79) | 58 (19, 84) | 60 (23, 84) | 0.303 |
| Pre-operative Hb (g/dL) (median (min, max)) | 12.0 (6.9, 16.2) | 12.2 (6.9, 15.9) | 12.0 (7.2, 16.2) | 11.8 (7.7, 16.2) | 0.882 |
| Albumin (n (%)) | 0.520 | ||||
| <3.5 | 22 (4) | 4 (2) | 8 (4) | 10 (5) | |
| ≥3.5 | 451 (77) | 127 (65) | 163 (85) | 161 (81) | |
| Missing | 111 (19) | 63 (32) | 20 (10) | 28 (14) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (median (min, max)) | 27.7 (14.8, 66.1) | 28.1 (17.2, 66.1) | 27.6 (14.8, 57.1) | 27.2 (18.5, 62.7) | 0.729 |
| ASA score (n (%)) | 0.046 | ||||
| I/II | 55 (9) | 18 (9) | 25 (13) | 12 (6) | |
| III/IV | 513 (88) | 166 (86) | 160 (84) | 187 (94) | |
| Missing | 16 (3) | 10 (5) | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (n (%)) | 0.273 | ||||
| 0 | 47 (8) | 16 (8) | 19 (10) | 12 (6) | |
| 1–2 | 224 (38) | 68 (35) | 81 (42) | 75 (38) | |
| ≥3 | 313 (54) | 110 (57) | 91 (48) | 112 (56) | |
| Ethnicity (n (%)) | 0.323 | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 86 (15) | 32 (16) | 25 (13) | 29 (15) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 460 (79) | 155 (80) | 150 (78) | 155 (78) | |
| Unknown | 38 (6) | 7 (4) | 16 (8) | 15 (7) | |
| Race (n (%)) | 0.043 | ||||
| White or Caucasian | 409 (70) | 136 (70) | 135 (71) | 138 (69) | |
| Black or African American | 62 (11) | 24 (12) | 26 (14) | 12 (6) | |
| Asian | 20 (3) | 8 (4) | 5 (3) | 7 (4) | |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 2 (<1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 1 (<1) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 71 (12) | 21 (11) | 22 (11) | 28 (14) | |
| Unknown | 19 (3) | 5 (3) | 2 (1) | 12 (6) | |
| Any previous abdominal surgery (n (%)) | 438 (75) | 136 (70) | 155 (81) | 147 (74) | 0.038 |
| Pre-operative blood transfusion (n (%)) | 15 (3) | 5 (3) | 6 (3) | 4 (2) | 0.720 |
| Prior chemotherapy (n (%)) | 259 (44) | 79 (41) | 91 (48) | 89 (45) | 0.393 |
| Indication for surgery (n (%)) | 0.081 | ||||
| Malignant—primary | 359 (61) | 135 (70) | 106 (55) | 118 (59) | |
| Malignant—recurrent | 91 (16) | 26 (13) | 34 (18) | 31 (16) | |
| Neoplasm UMP—primary | 36 (6) | 8 (4) | 15 (8) | 13 (6) | |
| Neoplasm UMP—recurrent | 1 (<1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) | |
| Benign | 89 (15) | 20 (10) | 35 (18) | 34 (17) | |
| Other | 8 (1) | 5 (3) | 1 (<1) | 2 (1) | |
| Organ site (n (%)) | 0.514 | ||||
| Cervix | 14 (2) | 8 (4) | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | |
| Ovary | 285 (49) | 96 (49) | 94 (49) | 95 (48) | |
| Uterine (non-sarcoma) | 70 (12) | 31 (16) | 18 (9) | 21 (11) | |
| Uterine (sarcoma) | 14 (2) | 5 (2) | 3 (1) | 6 (3) | |
| Other | 201 (34) | 54 (28) | 74 (39) | 73 (37) | |
| Estimated blood loss (mL) (median (min, max)) | 250 (10, 5500) | 300 (10, 4750) | 200 (10, 5500) | 250 (10, 3300) | 0.074 |
| OR time (min) (median (min, max)) | 216 (33, 885) | 236 (33, 721) | 199 (69, 722) | 214.0 (46, 885) | 0.003 |
| Surgical complexity† (n (%)) | 0.161 | ||||
| Low | 198 (63) | 63 (59) | 65 (63) | 70 (66) | |
| Intermediate | 107 (34) | 37 (35) | 38 (37) | 32 (30) | |
| High | 10 (3) | 6 (6) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | |
| intra-operative blood products (n (%)) | 94 (16) | 33 (17) | 23 (12) | 38 (19) | 0.146 |
*Values are number (%) reported unless indicated otherwise; missing not included in P value calculation.
†Reported only for patients whose indication for surgery is ovarian, fallopian, or primary peritoneal cancer.
BMI, body mass index; Hb, hemoglobin; OR, operating room; UMP, uncertain malignant potential.