Surgical outcomes before and after the use of robotic surgery for ovarian cancer
| Pre-robotic era: laparotomy only (n=22) | Robotic era: laparotomy + robotics (n=91) | P value | |
| Cytoreduction | 0.005 | ||
| Complete cytoreduction, n (%) | 9 (40.9%) | 69 (75.8%) | |
| ≤1 cm residual disease, n (%) | 11 (50.0%) | 18 (19.8%) | |
| >1 cm residual disease, n (%) | 2 (9.1%) | 4 (4.4%) | |
| Estimated blood loss (mL), mean (SD) | 505 (599) | 271 (307) | 0.001 |
| Hgb differential*, mean (SD) | −15.1 (13.0) | −11.9 (15.5) | 0.49 |
| Blood transfusion†, n (%) | |||
| Intra-operative blood transfusion | 5 (25.0%) | 17 (18.7%) | 0.54 |
| Intra-operative transfusion with pre-operative Hgb ≥100‡ | 4 (20.0%) | 5 (5.5%) | 0.054 |
| Post-operative blood transfusion | 12 (60.0%) | 35 (38.5%) | 0.087 |
| Post-operative transfusion with pre-operative Hgb ≥100‡ | 8 (40.0%) | 21 (23.1%) | 0.16 |
| Procedure time§, mean (SD) | 213 (74) | 282 (95) | 0.0001 |
| Length of stay (days) | 0.0001 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 8.6 (6.3) | 4.6 (5.7) | |
| Median (range) | 6 (4–27) | 2 (1–35) |
*Post-operative minus pre-operative hemoglobin (Hgb).
†Transfusion of blood products documented in 20 out of 22 subjects in the pre-robotic era. Data represent number of patients transfused with blood products including packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and/or albumin.
‡Transfusion of blood products among patients with a pre-operative hemoglobin (Hgb) of 100g/L or more in order to control for low Hgb due to reasons other than surgery(eg, neoadjuvant chemotherapy).
§Procedure time taken from skin incision to closure.