@article {Stakleff246, author = {K. D. Sloan Stakleff and A. G. Rouse and A. P. Ryan and N. A. Haller and V. E. Von Gruenigen}, title = {A novel early-stage orthotopic model for ovarian cancer in the Fischer 344 rat}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {246--254}, year = {2005}, doi = {10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200503000-00010}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {The purpose of our study was to ascertain the progression of metastases in a novel ovarian cancer model designed to mimic early-stage disease by utilizing an orthotopic injection technique. Female Fischer 344 rats were injected with either 104 or 105 NuTu-19 cells by intraperitoneal or orthotopic injection. Peritoneal washings and histologic specimens were examined to correlate the incidence and extent of tumor growth. In a second phase, orthotopic injections of 102 and 103 cells were compared to that of 104 cells. Progression of ovarian cancer was observed by gross and microscopic examinations in both intraperitoneal and orthotopic models. Pelvic extension and abdominal adhesions uniquely characterized the orthotopically injected animals. Numbers of identifiable metastases declined with lower cell inocula, confirming that early-stage disease was extended to at least 14 days with 102 NuTu-19 cells. The orthotopic ovarian cancer model emulates early disease with the initiation of a primary tumor that is localized within the inherent microenvironment. The orthotopic model offers a clinically relevant alternative for future cancer research that allows for the investigation of therapeutic strategies against early stages of the disease process.}, issn = {1048-891X}, URL = {https://ijgc.bmj.com/content/15/2/246}, eprint = {https://ijgc.bmj.com/content/15/2/246.full.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer} }