RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Smokers With Cervix Cancer Have More Uterine Corpus Invasive Disease and an Increased Risk of Recurrence After Treatment With Chemoradiation
JF International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer
JO Int J Gynecol Cancer
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
SP 1286
OP 1291
DO 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000170
VO 24
IS 7
A1 Linda Mileshkin
A1 Ashvin Paramanathan
A1 Srinivas Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan
A1 David Bernshaw
A1 Pearly Khaw
A1 Kailash Narayan
YR 2014
UL http://ijgc.bmj.com/content/24/7/1286.abstract
AB Background Smoking is a risk factor for cervix cancer and causes hypoxemia, which promotes tumor infiltration and potentially impacts on treatment outcome. We performed a retrospective study to determine if smokers had an increased risk of uterine corpus infiltration, which is associated with more advanced disease and/or treatment failure after primary chemoradiation.Methods Results from a prospective database of patients treated with primary chemoradiation for locally advanced cervix cancer with a pretreatment MRI were analyzed. Smoking status was assessed by self-report at presentation.Results Smoking status was recorded for 346 of the 362 patients with 98 current smokers (28%), 56 ex-smokers (16%), and 192 nonsmokers (55%). Median age was 58 years with ever-smokers having a younger age at diagnosis than nonsmokers. Histologic type, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, tumor volume, and nodal involvement were similar across groups, as were toxicities of treatment. Ever-smokers were more likely to have corpus uterine invasion than nonsmokers. Ever-smokers had more recurrences than nonsmokers, with nonsmokers having a longer median overall survival (50.1 vs 38.7 months, P = 0.004) and relapse-free survival (46.8 vs 28.5 months, P = 0.003). In multifactor analysis, ever-smoking status was a significant predictor of developing corpus invasive disease and of inferior relapse-free and overall survival after treatment.Conclusions Smokers have a greater risk for developing corpus invasive cervix cancer. Although nonsmokers have an older age at diagnosis, they live longer and have fewer recurrences after a diagnosis of locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix.