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Review
Cervical cancer: a new era
  1. Giuseppe Caruso1,2,3,
  2. Matthew K Wagar4,
  3. Heng-Cheng Hsu5,6,7,
  4. Jorge Hoegl8,
  5. Guido Martin Rey Valzacchi9,
  6. Andreina Fernandes10,
  7. Giuseppe Cucinella11,
  8. Seda Sahin Aker12,13,
  9. Aarthi S Jayraj14,
  10. Jessica Mauro15,
  11. Rene Pareja16 and
  12. Pedro T Ramirez17
    1. 1Division of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
    2. 2Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
    3. 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
    4. 4Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
    5. 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    6. 6Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
    7. 7Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
    8. 8Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecological Oncology, Clínica Maternidad Santa Ana, IVSS, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
    9. 9Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
    10. 10Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Oncología y Hematología, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
    11. 11Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
    12. 12Gynecologic Oncology, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
    13. 13Clinical Anatomy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
    14. 14South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, James Cook University, Middlesbrough, UK
    15. 15Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero, Verduno, Italy
    16. 16Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology, Clinica ASTORGA, Medellin, and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
    17. 17Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
    1. Correspondence to Dr Heng-Cheng Hsu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; b101092037{at}gmail.com

    Abstract

    Cervical cancer is a major global health issue, ranking as the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Depending on stage, histology, and patient factors, the standard management of cervical cancer is a combination of treatment approaches, including (fertility- or non-fertility-sparing) surgery, radiotherapy, platinum-based chemotherapy, and novel systemic therapies such as bevacizumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. While ambitious global initiatives seek to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem, the management of cervical cancer continues to evolve with major advances in imaging modalities, surgical approaches, identification of histopathological risk factors, radiotherapy techniques, and biomarker-driven personalized therapies. In particular, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically altered the treatment of cervical cancer, leading to significant survival benefits in both locally advanced and metastatic/recurrent settings. As the landscape of cervical cancer therapies continues to evolve, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the current state and the latest practice-changing updates in cervical cancer.

    • Cervical Cancer
    • Immunotherapy
    • Radiotherapy
    • SLN and Lympadenectomy
    • Surgery

    https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2024-005579

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      Footnotes

      • X @gcarusomd, @https://x.com/mattkwagar, @HsuMd, @oncohoegl, @guidoreyv, @AndreFernandes2, @Cucinella_G, @seda2211, @RParejaGineOnco, @pedroramirezMD

      • Contributors GCa: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, resources, validation, visualization, writing - original draft, writing - review and editing. MKW, H-CH, JH, GMRV, AF, GCu, SŞA, ASJ, JM: data curation, visualization, writing - original draft, writing - review and editing. RP, PTR: data curation, project administration, validation, supervision, writing - review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

      • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

      • Competing interests None declared.

      • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.