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Abstract
Objective This international study aimed to investigate the impact of substage, histological type and other prognostic factors on long-term survival for stage I ovarian carcinoma.
Methods Our study was a retrospective multicenter cohort study that included patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I (IA-IC3) ovarian carcinoma treated at four European referral centers in Germany and Italy. Using Kaplan-Meier survival curves we compared overall and disease-free survival between the different stage I groups.
Results A total of 1115 patients were included. Of these, 48.4% (n=540) were in stage IA, 6.6% (n=73) stage IB, and 45% (n=502) stage IC, of the latter substage IC1, 54% (n=271), substage IC2, 31.5% (n=158), and substage IC3, 14.5% (n=73). Five-year overall and disease-free survival rates for the entire cohort were 94% and 86%, respectively, with no difference between stage IA and IB. However, there was a significantly better overall and disease-free survival for stage IA as compared with stage IC (p=0.007 and p<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed incomplete/fertility-sparing staging (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.99, and HR 3.54; 95% CI 1.83 to 6.86, respectively), and stage IC (HR 2.47; 95% CI 1.63 to 3.75) as independent risk factors for inferior disease-free survival, while low-grade endometrioid (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.72) and low-grade mucinous (HR 0.17; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.44) histology had superior disease-free survival. Considering overall survival, stage IC (HR 2.41; 95% CI 1.45 to 4.01) and older age (HR 2.41; 95% CI 1.46 to 3.95) were independent risk factors.
Conclusion Although stage I ovarian carcinoma exhibited excellent outcomes, the prognosis of patients with stage IA differs significantly compared with stage IC. Sub-optimal staging as an indicator for quality of care, and tumor biology defined by histology (low-grade endometrioid/mucinous) independently impact disease-free survival.
- ovarian cancer
- fallopian tube neoplasms
- ovarian neoplasms
- ovariectomy
- pathology
Data availability statement
Data are available upon reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.
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Data availability statement
Data are available upon reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.
Footnotes
Twitter @frafanfani, @annafagottimd
Contributors Conceptualization: PH, MI, AdB, AF, GS, NB; Methodology: PH, MI, AdB, AT, NB, FH; Formal analysis: PH, MI, AT, NB; Investigation: PH, AdB, NB, MI, AT, RF, AMP, BA, AF; Resources: PH, AdB, NB, MI, AT, RF, AMP; Writing: PH, AdB, MI, AF, NC, BA; Writing - Review & Editing: all authors. Guarantor: MI.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests MI wrote the first draft of the manuscript.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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