Introduction Gynaecological cancers are often diagnosed in advanced stages with limited treatment options and poor survival rates. Population-based genetic screening for cancer susceptibility genes offers a novel approach to identify high-risk individuals, revolutionizing early detection and personalized treatment in gynaecological oncology. This qualitative study explores the feasibility and implications of such screening initiatives from the perspectives of healthcare providers in a lower middle-income country setting

Methods A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews was conducted among 15 healthcare providers, including doctors and nursing officers of departments of Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Biochemistry at a tertiary care centre in India. In-depth interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. Transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically using the Framework approach.

Results Participants aged 25 to 39 years highlighted pivotal themes such as communication, awareness, accessibility, acceptability, financial constraints, fear and social stigma. Open communication with patients about the importance of genetic testing emerged as a significant facilitator. Easy accessibility to tests was considered advantageous, while exorbitant costs and poor awareness acted as barriers. Most participants expressed willingness to undergo testing if affordable and readily available. They suggested improving public awareness through campaigns and addressing fear and social stigma associated with cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion/Implications Population-based genetic screening holds promise in gynaecological oncology for early detection and risk assessment. However successful implementation necessitates addressing challenges such as accessibility, financial constraints, genetic literacy, and psychosocial support. Raising awareness and integrating genetic counseling into clinical practice are vital to optimize the utility of genetic screening programs in gynaecological cancer care dynamics.