Introduction/Background Gestational trophoblastic disease encompasses a range of conditions exhibiting variations in regression, metastatic potential, and recurrence tendencies. Predominantly affecting women in their childbearing years, gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTT) represent the malignant forms of these conditions, often associated with molar pregnancies, particularly hydatidiform mole.

Methodology We report a retrospective series of 54 cases of GTT collected at our institution between January 1st, 2021 and August 1st, 2023.

The objective of our study is to delineate clinical presentations, evaluate the application of imaging techniques for diagnosis, and engage in a discourse on the management of this condition.

Results Our analysis led to the conclusion that the incidence of GTT is 1 in 95 deliveries. The average age of occurrence is 31.5 years. Causal pregnancy was a molar pregnancy in 85% of cases. The extension assessment in our patients revealed pulmonary metastases in 21 cases and vaginal metastasis in 1 case. Six of our patients underwent hysterectomy. Monotherapy with methotrexate was administered to 79% of our patients, while polychemotherapy was initiated in 21% of patients. All patients underwent clinical and biological monitoring before each chemotherapy session, followed by monthly monitoring after negativation every month, up to 12 months for GTT with a good prognosis, and up to 18 months for GTT with a poor prognosis. One case reported a death due to a severe complication of polychemotherapy, such as severe drug eruption.

Conclusion A comprehensive comprehension of trophoblastic tumors and their features facilitates the formulation of more cohesive therapeutic protocols. Early intervention aids in identifying low-risk forms, optimizing the efficacy of chemotherapy while minimizing resistance. Due to the rarity of this condition and the intricate nature of therapeutic protocols, the establishment of reference centers is highly recommended for the development of registries and the consensus-driven management of these tumors.

Disclosures All the authors have no financial disclosure or conflicts of interest with the presented material in this presentation.