Introduction/Background Endometrial cancer is currently the most common gynaecological cancer. The number of cases of this cancer is rapidly increasing in high-income countries, which is related to the increasing number of obese patients, as well as the aging population. It is relevant to find new diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether IL-10 (interleukin-10) could be considered as new useful marker for diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

Methodology 93 women diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) and 66 patients with non-cancerous endometrial lesions (NCEL) were included in this study. The preoperative serum IL-10 level was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SunRed Biotechnology, Shanghai) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13.3 software. The following statistical methods were used to evaluate the collected research material: statistical description and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test of significance. A diagnostic test based on the ROC curve was also used.

Results Median serum level of IL-10 was significantly lower in the EC group (1594.97 pg/mL) compared to NCEL group (3245.68 pg/mL) (p = 0.000000). The cut-off level of IL-10 was set at 187.4 pg/mL with the sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 0% (AUC (95% CI) = 0.0055 (0–0.0141), p < 0.000001).

Conclusion It was concluded that IL-10 could not be a potential diagnostic marker in endometrial cancer. First, because lower concentrations were found in the EC group compared to the control group. Second, this was confirmed by the ROC curve presenting an AUC of 0.0055 and a specificity of 0%. The presented study is a preliminary study that should be repeated.

Disclosures There is no potential conflict of interest to report.