Introduction Desmoid fibromatosis is a rare, locally aggressive fibroblastic tumor. It can occur in various parts of the body, including the breast. In this study, we describe five cases of breast desmoid fibromatosis and review the relevant literature.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of five cases of breast desmoid fibromatosis at our institution between 2010 and 2022. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical management, and outcomes.

Results The study cohort included five women with a mean age of 34 years. All patients presented with a breast mass, which was initially misdiagnosed as a benign lesion in three cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was the most useful imaging modality for diagnosis. All patients underwent surgical excision, with clear margins achieved in four cases. The mean follow-up period was 36 months, during which there were no local recurrences or distant metastases.

Conclusion/Implications Breast desmoid fibromatosis is a rare entity that can mimic benign breast lesions on imaging. MRI is the most reliable imaging modality for diagnosis. Surgical excision with clear margins is the treatment of choice, and long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor for local recurrences or distant metastases. Our study adds to the limited body of literature on breast desmoid fibromatosis and highlights the importance of considering this diagnosis in the differential diagnosis of breast masses.