Article Text
Abstract
Introduction This study addresses the critical impact of genomic profiling on breast cancer severity and survival in young Moroccan women.
Methods A 2021 study at Rabat’s National Institute of Oncology characterized invasive breast carcinoma in Moroccan women under 40, assessing two-year survival rates.
Results The study contained subgroups of ‘luminal’ (53%), ‘triple-negative’ (TN) (23%) and ‘HER2-positive’ (HER2+) (24%) patients. In the ‘HER2+’ group, 81% scored ‘+++’ through immunohistochemistry, while 19% showed ‘++’ plus positive in situ hybridization. Also, 29% were ‘non-luminal’, the remaining 71% of this group being hormonereceptor positive. Patients’ mean age was 35, with ‘Luminal’, ‘TN’, and ‘HER2+’ subtypes ages averaging 35, 33, & 34 respectively. Family history of cancer was prevalent in 18% of cases. The ‘Ki67’ biomarker was elevated in 24% of the total cases (cut-off = 20%). At diagnosis, 19% were already metastatic, including 26% ‘Luminal’, 15% ‘TN’, and 9% ‘HER2+’. In nonmetastatic cases, 26% had ‘T3 or T4’ tumors and 56% were N-positive. Two-year overall survival (OS) was 59%, with 81% (‘HER2+’), 56% (‘Luminal’), and 40% (‘TN’). This was statistically significant according to the log-rank test (p= 0,0433). Non-metastatic and metastatic cases showed 60% and 53% OS respectively. Progression-free survival at two years was 56%, with 76% (‘HER2+’), 56% (‘Luminal’), and 35% (‘TN’). This was also statistically significant (p= 0,0321). OS was 44% for initial ‘T3 or T4’, and 59% for N-positive patients.
Conclusion/Implications This research emphasizes genomic profiling’s role in enhancing personalized therapies and survival rates for young Moroccan breast cancer patients, particularly ‘HER2+’.