Introduction Endometrial cancer is a major gynecological cancer in women and can be classified into two types: type I and type II. Type I endometrial cancer is often estrogen-dependent and typically express estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), while Type II endometrial cancer is known to do not typically express these receptors and has a poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate the differences in ER and PR positivity between Type I and Type II endometrial cancer.

Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 170 endometrial cancer patients who underwent molecular analysis between 2010 and 2022 at a single-center. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess ER and PR expression in tumor samples, and the results were compared between the two groups.

Results Of 161 patients, 80(49.69%) were diagnosed with Type I endometrial cancer, and 81(50.31%) were diagnosed with Type II endometrial cancer. The study found that ER or PR positivity was significantly higher in Type I endometrial cancer compared to Type II endometrial cancer ( Type I – 84.21% vs. Type II – 65.45% ). Specifically, ER positivity was observed in 78.79% of Type I compared to 55.93% of Type II. And PR positivity was 80.36% of Type I compared to 50.91% of Type II endometrial cancer.

Conclusion/Implications In conclusion, the results of this study highlight the importance of distinguishing between Type I and Type II endometrial cancer and tailoring treatment strategies accordingly based on the expression of ER and PR.