Introduction/Background Advanced cervical tumors are managed with concomitent radiochemotherapy and brachytherapy. Radiochemotherapy significantly improves overall survival rates, reduces recurrence rates, and decreases distant metastasis dissemination.

Despite satisfactory rates of local control after treatment for cervical carcinomas, relapses remain a major cause of treatment failure.

Closure surgery, following concurrent radiochemotherapy, is commonly employed when a residual tumor is discovered in the follow-up.

This retrospective descriptive study aimed to investigate the radio-histological correlation of residual tumors in patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix through concurrent radiochemotherapy followed by closure surgery.

Methodology A retrospective and descriptive study that analyzed data from 20 patients who underwent treatment at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, CHU Hassan II in Fes, between 2018 and 2023. All patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, ranging from stage IB3 to stage IVA according to the histological classification of cervical cancer proposed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO 2018), were included in our study. Those patients received concurrent radiochemotherapy followed by closure surgery (adjuvant hysterectomy) after a discovery of a residual tumor in the follow-up.

Results A histological study was conducted on the surgical specimens, and a correlation between imaging data and histological results was established. Two subgroups were defined based on the size of the tumor residue in radiology: Tumor residue less than 1 cm and greater than 1 cm.

From a histological standpoint, tumor residue was found in 46% of cases, and it was macroscopic (≥ 1 cm) in 20% of cases.

Conclusion Therefore, the objective of this study is to balance the benefits and risks of surgery by refining surgical indications based on radiological tumor residue. Is it necessary to perform surgery on all patients with suspected radiological tumor residue, regardless of its size?

Disclosures All the authors have no financial disclosure or conflicts of interest