Introduction/Background This study aimed to assess the frequency of regular uptake of national cervical cancer screening (CCS) program and identify associated factors among Korean women.

Methodology Using data from the 2007–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a cohort of 4,663 women was followed up for up to 12 years (2007–2018) using linked individual level data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) and the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (KHIRA). Compliance level with CCS was categorized as none, irregular and regular, and an ordinal logistic regression model was employed to investigate the contributing factors.

Results The multivariate logistic analysis showed individuals aged 40–59 exhibited the highest likelihood of regular adherence to CCS among participants. Regular adherence of CCS were associated with certain groups, including those with an income between 100–150% of the median, service workers, residents of small to medium-sized cities, middle-school graduates, and married individuals. Furthermore, individuals who had private insurance, a history of non-cervical cancer or carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix, family history of cervical cancer, or a higher frequency of general check-ups demonstrated greater adherence to CCS.

Conclusion The study highlights the importance of establishing public institutions to lead screening initiatives, promote continued CCS even with normal results, and developed tailored screening program for high-risk group who have never been screened or have abnormal test results.

Disclosures This study revealed that regular uptake of CCS in South Korea was low at 18.9%. Moreover, the study identified new factors associated with regular adherence to CCS, such as having personal history of non-cervical cancer, a history of CIS of the cervix, a family history of cervical cancer, and a higher frequency of general check-ups.