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Abstract
Introduction/Background Cervical embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas are solid tumors of mesenchymal origin, which are very rare in the female genital tract and constitute less than 1% of all cervical neoplasms. Since rhabdomyosarcomas are frequently seen in the pediatric age group, there is no standard treatment approach in adult patients, and clinical outcomes are observed to be worse in adult patients compared to the pediatric age group. Treatment selection in adults is often made according to risk groups and treatment protocols in the pediatric age group. Treatment is still not standardized due to the literature mainly consisting of case reports and series.
Methodology We present a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix in a 45-year-old female patient who presented with a polypoid cervical mass. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed on the patient, who was found to have localized to the cervix in the preoperative imaging. In the immunohistochemical examination, tumor cells were stained negative with EMA and AE1/AE3, and positive with vimentin, desmin, myo-D1, and myogenin. Based on these findings, the case was diagnosed as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
Results The patient was staged as Group I and Stage 1 according to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG), and combined treatment with a combination of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was recommended.
Conclusion It has been reported that as an alternative to radical hysterectomy, polypectomy, and cervical conization can be applied in cases of rhabdomyosarcoma localized in the uterine cervix, and in selected cases, radical tracheolectomy provides local control of the disease while preserving the fertility potential of the patient.
Treatment studies in RMS cases were conducted by considering risk groups, stages, and anatomical localization. There is not enough data on how genetic risk factors will affect the intensity and content of treatment, especially in RMS cases associated with poor outcomes such as FOXO1, MYOD1, and TP53.
Immunohistochemical (IHC) Staining
Disclosures There is no conflict of interest between the authors of the article.