Introduction/Background In the clinical practice of a gynecologist-oncologist, sometimes it may occur the cases of widespread damage to the organs of the abdomen, pleural cavity, and beyond the peritoneal space by tumor tissue consisting of smooth muscle fibers, which can significantly disrupt the function of the affected organs, but is a benign disease by nature. We are talking about disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) - an extremely rare tumor disease that affects women of reproductive age and is associated with the presence of uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis in the anamnesis and surgical interventions performed in patients for them.

Methodology An analysis of 3 clinical cases of DPL in patients aged 39–49 years (average age 45 years) who underwent surgical treatment at the National Cancer Institute from 2010 to 2021 was carried out. In all 3 patients, the diagnosis of DPL (8898/1) was verified according to the data of pathohistological (using routine staining with hematoxylin/eosin) and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies.

Results All patients underwent surgical treatment with a laparotomy approach, the extent and radicality of which depended on the localization and number of tumor foci. At the time of follow-up, all 3 patients are alive and did not receive any special oncological treatment in the future.

Conclusion Despite certain features of an aggressive course, which can imitate widespread forms of malignant tumors, such as cancer and sarcoma, with damage to the abdominal and pleural cavities, germination in adjacent organs and the retroperitoneal space, disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis is essentially a benign disease, with radical surgical removal the tumor substrate of which, patients have an absolutely favorable prognosis for further life. However, taking into account the peculiarities of the biological behavior of the process,, such patients should be treated in highly specialized oncology centers, where all conditions are available to perform cytoreductive surgery.

Disclosures No conflict of interest.