Introduction/Background Tandem vaginal brachytherapy applied immediately after pelvic curative radiotherapy is a treatment that aims to destroy endometrial cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence This study retrospectively evaluated patients with endometrioid-type endometrial adenocarcinoma and those receiving adjuvant therapy to evaluate the efficacy of brachytherapy compared to standard external beam radiation therapy.

Methodology A total of 116 patients who underwent comprehensive surgical staging for endometrioid type endometrial cancer at Zeynep Kamil Women and Children’s Diseases Training and Research Hospital between January 2014 and January 2020, and were given adjuvant treatment, were included in our study. Data included patients‘ age, tumor size, FIGO grade, FIGO stage, myometrial invasion (<50, ≥ 50), lymphovascular invasion (present/absent), and total number of lymph nodes removed from pelvic±paraaortic dissection. Type of surgery (laparoscopy/laparotomy), duration of follow-up (months), type of adjuvant treatment (pelvic radiotherapy/±brachytherapy, chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy), type of recurrence (local/systemic), recurrence date (month/year), the cause and date (month/year) of death were extracted from hospital records. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 25.0.

Results The mean age of patients was 58.5 ± 0.9 years. Ninety patients received radiotherapy and 20 patients received chemotherapy + radiotherapy. Median follow-up time was 44.5 (15–86) months. During follow-up, 11 (10%) patients had recurrence and death occurred in 5 (5%) patients. Age (p=0.293), tumor diameter (p=0.560), FIGO grade (p=0.070), myometrial invasion (p=0.132), lymphovascular space invasion (p=0.266) did not differ between patients receiving only external radiotherapy (ERT) and vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) and/or ERT. A significantly lower rate of recurrence was found in the VBT group (p=0.038, table 1).

Conclusion VBT decreases the risk of recurrence with minimal toxicity in adjuvant treatment of endometrial cancer. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of VBT in patients scheduled for adjuvant radiotherapy, and showed that it reduces recurrence rates. Overall survival did not change.

Disclosures The authors have no potetial conflict of interest to report.