Objectives This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficiency of consolidation chemotherapy after 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and delayed complete surgery on overall survival and progression-free survival among patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods This was a retrospective consecutive study with a propensity score to ensure balance for the baseline characteristics between the study groups. All patients treated for advanced ovarian cancer with 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by delayed complete surgery, without post-operative chemotherapy (group 1), or with post-operative chemotherapy (group 2), were included. We evaluated survival and the quality of cytoreductive surgery using the propensity score.

Results From 2000 to 2017, 42 patients were included in group 1, and 59 in group 2. The median follow-up was 78 months (confidence interval (CI) 95% (60.1; not computable)). Neither progression-free survival nor overall survival were different between the two groups. The median progression-free survival was 10.2 months (CI 95% (8.8–17.0)) for group 1 and 10.4 months (CI 95% (7.9–12.8)) for group 2 (p=0.57). Five-year overall survival was 21.0% (CI 95% (10.4–42.3)) for group 1 and 26.1% (CI 95% (16.0–42.5)) for group 2 (p=0.73).

Conclusions Adding cycles of consolidation chemotherapy after delayed surgery following 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not demonstrate any survival improvement in patients treated for advanced ovarian cancer not amenable to primary or interval surgery.