Introduction/Background The cervical cancer is among the preventable causes of death and is curable in early stage when it is adequately treated. HPV test has high positive predictive values however together with colposcopic examination. American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology recommends colposcopic evaluation to HPV type 16/18 positive and cytology negative women. This study was designed to find answer of this question that ‘Is there a need for colposcopy in ohter high risk HPV positive and cytology negative women?’

Methodology Patients with positive HPV screening tests were included in the study. Colposcopic examination was performed on 247 patients. Colposcopic evaluation was performed by 1 professor and 3 gynaecologic oncology assistants. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test was used for categorical variable, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for quantitative and further analysis. p<0.05; was considered statistically significant.

Results The mean age of 247 patients participating in the study was 41.5 years (19–72 years). Of the patients with normal cytology, 19.3% (n = 28) were HPV16; 6.2% (n = 9) were HPV18; 54.5% (n = 79) were high-risk HPV, 5.5% (n = 8) were found to be HPV16 or 18 plus high risk HPV. The colposcopic biopsy results of patients with normal smear cytology and high-risk HPV positive were compared with patients have normal cytology result and HPV16 positive or HPV 18 positive and have normal cytology with HPV 16 or 18 plus high-risk HPV positive. There were no significant differences between these groups (p< 0.05).

Conclusion If the HPV type is not HPV 16 or 18 and the cytology test is normal, co-test is recommended after 1 year. In this study, similar colposcopic biopsy results were found in other high-risk HPV positive cases. When colposcopy is applied widely, more preinvasive disease will be detected in HPV positive cases.