Introduction/Background To study the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with vaginal malignant neoplasms (VMN) in the Republic of Belarus for a 30-year period.

Methodology The data of Belarusian Cancer Registry were used (1990 to 2019). The information analyzed were: incidence and mortality rates, age and stage distribution, survival outcomes.

Results Totally of 868 newly diagnosed cases of VMN were identified. The estimated age-standardized incidence rate of VMN per 100,000 female population has increased from 0.1 in 1999 to 0.4 in 2019 (p >0.05). The mortality rate amounted 0.0–0.2 per 100,000 female population. Of all newly diagnosed cases of VMN, 70.9% (615) were residents of the city and 29.1% (253) were rural residents. Comparison of three ten-year periods (1900–1999, 2000–2009 and 2010–2019) showed that the rate of cases of VMN detected in stage I increased almost doubled (from 19.1% to 38.5%), the rate of stage III sharply decreased (from 30.3% to 13.0%), while for stages II and IV were no changes. Comparison of 5-year adjusted survival rates between 2000 and 2015 showed increased for stages I, II and III, moreover the survival rate of stage III increased in 2.4 times. The overall 5-year survival rates for the entire group was 68,7±5,1%, with no statistically significant difference between urban and rural women 67,8±5,1% and 65,8±10,4%, respectively, p = 0.99).

Conclusion This population-based dataset confirms that in Belarus the incidence of VMN have been increasing over the last 30 years, and the mortality approximately remained stable. The quality of diagnostics has improved due to an increase in incidence of stage I, as well as improved approaches to treatment, which is confirmed by data on an increase in survival. In addition, there was no difference in survival rates between urban and rural residents with a greater increase in survival rate among rural residents.