Introduction/Background Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) represents a heterogeneous, rare group of disorders characterised by abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue. Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common type of GTD. Partial (PHM) and complete (CHM) molar pregnancies represent a challenge for diagnosis and management, as especially patients with a PHM present with signs and symptoms of incomplete/missed abortion. This study aims to evaluate the differences in clinical characteristics of patients with GTD.

Methodology A retrospective single-centre analysis clinical data analysis of the patients presented with GTD that were treated at the University Medical Centre Maribor (UMC Maribor) between 2008–2021 was performed. Data was retrieved from an electronic database with patient medical records. Clinical presentation, characteristics and treatment outcomes were analysed. Continuous variables are represented with median values and proportions in percentages. Univariate data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the independent t-test through the SPPS for Mac software.

Results Thirty-six women with GTD were identified at our institution between a 13-year period. Two women (5.6%) were identified with an invasive mole initially. The reproductive characteristics of women with PHM and CHM did not differ in the age at time of diagnosis, levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) or reproductive history (table 1). There were significant differences in the time until hCG serum level negativisation (p>.032) for benign disease, which can be associated with earlier recognition of CHM due to its symptoms and typical pattern on ultrasound imaging. One woman with CHM developed afterwards an invasive mole.

Conclusion Early recognition and treatment have aided favourable outcomes in women with GTD, but especially PHM remains difficult to diagnose clinically. Several open questions on reproductive outcomes and risk factors leading to the development of neoplasias still need to be evaluated further.