Objectives In 2007, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was rolled out in Australia, with a high uptake of 73%, and a consequent reduction in high-grade dysplasia in young women. The aim was to provide descriptive data on post-vaccination women below 25 years between 2008 and 2017, prior to the change in cervical screening guidelines.

Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of women under 25 attending a tertiary colposcopy clinic.

Results 3128 women with a median age of 22 (range 14–24) years were identified. When comparing overall worst histology result, vaccinated women were less likely to have a high grade abnormality than unvaccinated women (RR 0.78, 95%CI 0.67–0.90, p=0.0006). Amongst those with high grade abnormalities, there was no significant difference in rates of CIN2 or CIN3 between vaccinated and unvaccinated women (RR 0.81, 95%CI 0.62–1.05, p=0.1086).

Conclusions This study provides baseline data on young women under the previous cervical screening program, following the introduction of the HPV vaccine.