Objectives To study the long-term results of treatment of vaginal cancer (VC) patients and to evaluate the results of diagnosis and treatment of patients living in urban and rural areas.

Methods The data of 70 patients with primary VC treated at NN Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus from 2000 to 2019 were included. The median age was 64 years (rang, 32–87). Morphology in 91.5% (64/70) cases was squamous cell cancer, in 7.1% (5/70) – adenocarcinoma, in 1.4% (1/70) – adenosquamous carcinoma. The distribution by the stage was as follows: Stage I in 17 (24.3%) patients, Stage II in 30 (42.9%), Stage III in 12 (17.1%), Stage IV in 11(15.7%) cases. Treatment was performed in 82.8% (58/70) cases: in 94.1% (16/17) for Stage I disease, in 83.3% (25/30) for Stage II, in 91.7% (11/12) for Stage III, and in 54.5% (6/11) for Stage IV.

Results The median follow-up time was 33 months (range, 1–220). A total of 42 women died: 28 from progression of VC and 14 from other diseases. Overall survival (OS) was 31.9±6.8%, median survival - 41 months (95% CI 0.0–105.3). Disease-specific survival (DSS) for the entire group was 54.5±6.8%, median not reached. The overall survival rate of urban women was 44.8 ± 10.6%, rural - 22.5 ± 8.2%, p = 0.142; DSS - 57.6 ± 10.5% and 53.0 ± 8.4%, p = 0.448, respectively.

Conclusions The DSS rate was 54.0±6.8%; the OS rate did not exceed 31.9±6.8%. Rural residence was not associated with late stage at diagnosis or receipt of treatment.