Introduction/Background*Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare uterine mesenchymal tumor, accounting for 20% of all uterine sarcomas. It ranks second among uterine sarcomas, after leiomyosarcomas. These are low-grade tumors. The prognosis depends primarily on the tumor stage.

Hormone receptors estrogenic and progesterone receptors (RO,RP) can help to select patients who will be treated with hormonotherapy.

The objective of our work was to determine the level of expression of PRs and ROs in the ESS.

Methodology Patients were selected from the computerized archives of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology of Salah Azaiez Institute. We selected 11 cases of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas that were diagnosed over 18 years (2002 -2020).

Result(s)*ROs were expressed in 7 cases and RPs in 8 cases: a co-expression of RO and PR in 7 cases, an expression of PR only in 1 case, and a lack of expression of both markers in 3 cases.

Conclusion*According to the literature, the expression ROs is found in 50 to 94% of ESS, and PR is found in 52 to 100% of ESS. Our results are comparable to those in the literature.

Indeed, immunohistochemistry is currently a diagnostic and theranostic tool in ESS. The meaning of this term has been studied by many authors. It would appear that the determination of this hormonal status is useful for selecting a group of patients that are likely to respond to hormonotherapy. This hormonotherapy is much less toxic than conventional chemotherapy and could be used as adjuvant therapy or in metastatic disease.