Introdution Villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) is a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma (3.7 to 4.8%). Risk factors for poor prognosis such as Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node metastasis are associated with recurrence and increased mortality. The use of hormonal contraceptives seems to favor progression of the disease.

Methods The study retrospectively analyzed 11 patients diagnosed with VGA, who underwent treatment between June 2012 and June 2017, in an oncology service in Minas Gerais/Brazil.

Results The mean age of the patients was 47.91 ± 13.13 years. LVI was observed in 63.6% and lymph nodes were affected in 9.1% of the cases (table 1). There was no disease recurrence during the study period. Five patients (45.5%) were taking hormonal contraceptives (HC).

The surgical stages were IA1: 1 (9.1%), IB1: 8 (72.7%), IIB: 1 (1.9%) and IVa: 1 (9.1%), all <2 cm, and well-differentiated VGA. The patient with stage IVa had two affected iliac lymph nodes, and the one with stage IIB had an affected parametrium, both with LVI. None of these two patients reported using HC.

Conclusion Although we identified LVI and the use of HC in most patients, none had recurred, corroborating the good prognosis of this disease. A better understanding of immunohistochemical markers and investigation of HPV infection can help in more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Long follow-up is necessary to properly characterize the disease’s behavior.