Introduction Cervical cancer remains the most common cancer in Africa. In Madagascar, current data on cervical cancer is the result of hospital studies. According to our knowledge, no data concerning this entity have been released from the province of Toamasina. The aim of our study is to investigate the incidence, clinicopathological factors of cervical cancer.

Methods This is a retrospective, descriptive and transversal study in a new Oncology department Toamasina University Hospital, eastern Madagascar from September 2017 to August 2018.

Results We collected 24 cases of cervical cancer, which represented 25.26% of the cancers recorded. The average age at diagnosis was 49.23 years. Squamous cell carcinoma represented 96% of the histological type. The diagnostic time was 2 years on average; The disease is diagnosed in the advanced stage in 87.49% of cases. Risk factors are represented by the precocity of sexual intercourse at 53.17%, by the relationship of multiple sexual partners in 62.50%, the history of non-specific sexually transmitted infection was found in 45.83% and multiparity predominated at 59%.

Conclusion Compared to hospital data from other cancer centers, cervical cancer seen in the Oncology Department of Toamasina has the same epidemiological and clinical characteristics as those in other provinces. This disease is ranked second among registered cancers, but is the first gynecological cancer.