Aim In the present study, we aim to investigate the presence of inflammatory immune cells lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells as prognostic factors in the clinical outcome of endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods The study used data from the Belarus cancer registry and archival histological material of 82 patients with stage I to III (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2009) with retrospectively known good (survival) and poor (disease progression and death) outcomes. All cases were immunohistochemically stained for CD3, CD20, CD57, CD68, and S100. Two independent samples were compared for the characteristics of signs, and obtained results were analyzed by ROC analysis, Mantel-Cox tests. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Expressions of CD3, CD57, and CD68 were significantly higher in the good outcome group (P < 0.001) compared with the poor outcome group. There was no significant difference between CD20 and S100 in the 2 groups. All criteria showed significant difference (P < 0.001) in survival of patients.

Conclusions In conclusion, our study showed for the first time that the low level of expression of markers for tumor-associated T lymphocytes (CD3), NK cells (CD57), macrophages (CD68), and an increased expression of markers for tumor-associated B lymphocytes (CD20) and dendritic cells (S100) in endometrioid adenocarcinoma progression lead to poor survival outcome. The associated criteria of these immune cells may be used as predictive factors in the diagnosis of tumor progression. Our study indicates that local antitumor immune response may be applied to define risk groups to predict clinical outcomes.