Objective This study aimed to compare the laparoscopic-assisted radical vaginal trachelectomy (LARVT) and laparoscopic radical trachelectomy (LRT) surgical approaches and provide outcome data on patients who have undergone radical trachelectomy.

Methods We identified patients who had undergone LARVT or LRT at Samsung Medical Center between January 2005 and March 2013.

Results A total of 38 patients were identified, and 21 patients had undergone LARVT, whereas 17 patients had undergone LRT. The median age was 32 years for both groups. Most of the patients had a squamous cell carcinoma (68.4%) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB1 disease (76.3%). Twenty (52.6%) of 38 patients had tumor size greater than 2 cm. There were no significant differences between groups in the baseline characteristics except for the tumor size. Patients undergoing LRT had significantly larger tumor size than patients undergoing LARVT (median tumor size, 2.7 cm [range, 1.2–3.7] vs 2.1 cm [range, 0.4–3.0], P = 0.032). Perioperative outcomes were similar between groups except for the decline of hemoglobin after surgery. The median decline of hemoglobin indicating blood loss was significantly smaller in the LRT group than in the LARVT group (1.8 g/dL [range, 0.5–3.5] vs 2.6 g/dL [range, 0.7–6.2], P = 0.017). Intraoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (9.5%, 2/21) in LARVT group. Although 52.6% of tumors were larger than 2 cm, recurrence occurred only in 3 (7.9%) patients who underwent LARVT.

Conclusions The study shows the feasibility of LRT, with the advantage of reduced blood loss. The LRT could be an alternative option for patients with large tumors. Further researches are needed to investigate the long-term outcomes.