You are here

  • Home
  • Archive
  • Volume 25, Issue 5
  • Effectiveness of the Risk of Malignancy Index and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm in a Cohort of Women With Ovarian Cancer: Does Histotype and Stage Matter?

Article Text

Article menu
Download PDFPDF
Ovarian Cancer
Effectiveness of the Risk of Malignancy Index and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm in a Cohort of Women With Ovarian Cancer: Does Histotype and Stage Matter?
  1. Genevieve K. Lennox, MD*,
  2. Lua R. Eiriksson, MD, MPH, FRCSC†,
  3. Clare J. Reade, MD, MSc, FRCSC†,
  4. Felix Leung, BScH§,
  5. Golnessa Mojtahedi, MSc∥,
  6. Eshetu G. Atenafu, MSc, PStat,
  7. Sarah E. Ferguson, MD, FRCSC†∥,
  8. Joan Murphy, MD, FRCSC‡∥,
  9. Eleftherios P. Diamandis, MD, PhD§,#,**,
  10. Vathany Kulasingam, PhD§,** and
  11. Marcus Q. Bernardini, MD, MSc, FRCSC‡∥
  1. *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
  2. †Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
  3. ‡Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
  4. §Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
  5. ∥Princess Margaret Hospital/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
  6. Biostatistics Department, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
  7. #Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
  8. **Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Marcus Q. Bernardini, MD, MSc, FRCSC, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, M700-610, University Avenue, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9. E-mail: marcus.bernardini@uhn.ca.

Abstract

Objective To examine the performance of the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) and Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) by histologic subtype and stage of disease in a cohort of women with ovarian cancer.

Methods All patients with confirmed ovarian cancer at the Princess Margaret Hospital between February 2011 and January 2013 were eligible for study inclusion. Preoperative cancer antigen 125, human epididymis protein 4, and ultrasound findings were reviewed, and the sensitivity and false-negative rates of the RMI and ROMA were determined by stage of disease and tumor histology.

Results A total of 131 patients with ovarian cancer were identified. High-grade serous (HGS) histology was most frequently associated with stage III/IV disease (n = 46 [72% of stage III/IV]) vs stage I (n = 5 [11% of stage I]; P < 0.0001). Clear cell (CC) and endometrioid (EC) histology presented most commonly with stage I disease (n = 9 [20%] and n = 13 [29% of stage I cases], respectively). Median cancer antigen 125 and human epididymis protein 4 values were significantly higher for HGS than for EC or CC histology. Risk of Malignancy Index II demonstrated the highest sensitivity of the 3 RMI algorithms. All RMIs and ROMA were significantly more sensitive in predicting malignancy in patients with HGS than EC or CC histology. Risk of Malignancy Index II (n = 38) and ROMA (n = 35) exhibited sensitivities of 68% and 54% and false-negative rates of 32% and 46%, respectively, for patients with stage I disease vs sensitivities of 94% and 93% and false-negative rates of 6% and 7% for patients with stage III/IV disease.

Conclusion Both RMI and ROMA performed well for the detection of advanced ovarian cancer and HGS histology. These triaging algorithms do not perform well in patients with stage I disease where EC and CC histologies predominate. Clinicians should be cautious using RMI or ROMA scoring tools to triage isolated adnexal masses because many patients with stage I malignancies would be missed.

  • Ovarian carcinoma
  • Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI)
  • Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA)
  • Histology

https://doi.org/10.1097/IGC.0000000000000442

Statistics from Altmetric.com

    Request Permissions

    If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.

    Footnotes

    • The authors declare no conflicts of interest.