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Is Sphere Assay Useful for the Identification of Cancer Initiating Cells of the Ovary?
  1. María José Martínez-Serrano, MD*,
  2. Miguel Caballero-Baños, MD,
  3. Ramon Vilella, PhD,
  4. Laura Vidal, PhD,
  5. Jaume Pahisa, PhD* and
  6. Sergio Martínez-Roman, PhD*
  1. *Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology,
  2. Immunology Department, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, and
  3. Institut Clinic of Hematologic Diseases and Clinical Oncology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine–University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to María José Martínez-Serrano, MD, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona Faculty of Medicine, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: mmartine{at}clinic.ub.es.

Abstract

Objective Current evidence suggests that the presence of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a role in chemoresistance and relapse. Surface markers such as CD44+/CD24, CD117+, and CD133+ expression have been reported as potential markers for TICs related to ovarian cancer and tumorigenic cell lines. In this study, we have investigated if spheroid forms are TIC specific or whether they can also be produced by somatic stem cells from healthy tissue in vitro. In addition, we also investigated the specificity of surface markers to identify TICs from papillary serous EOC patients.

Methods Cells were obtained from fresh tumors from 10 chemotherapy-naive patients with EOC, and cells from ovarian and tubal epithelium were obtained from 5 healthy menopausal women undergoing surgery for benign pathology and cultured in standard and in selective medium. Cells forming nonadherent spheroids were considered TICs, and the adherent cells were considered as non–TIC-like. Percentages of CD24+, CD44+, CD117+, CD133+, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R)+ cell surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results Four of 10 EOC cell tissues were excluded from the study. Tumor cells cultured in selective medium developed spheroid forms after 1 to 7 weeks in 5 of 6 EOC patients. No spheroid forms were observed in cultures of cells from healthy women. Unlike previously published data, low levels of CD24+, CD44+, CD117+, and VEGF-R+ expression were observed in spheroid cells, whereas expression of CD133+ was moderate but higher in adherent cells from papillary serous EOC cells in comparison with adherent cells from controls.

Conclusions Papillary serous EOC contains TICs that form spheroids with low expression of CD44+, CD24+, CD117+ and VEGF-R+. Further research is required to find specific surface markers to identify papillary serous TICs.

  • Tumour-initiating cells
  • cancer stem cells
  • ovarian cancer
  • spheroids
  • CD44
  • CD24
  • CD117
  • CD133
  • ovary
  • tube
  • sphere assay
  • papillary serous
  • side population

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Footnotes

  • This work has been supported by the “Premi fi de residència Emili Letang,” an award created by the Hospital Clinic (Barcelona), to promote research among physicians who have just completed their period of specialization.

  • The authors declare no conflicts of interest.