Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous interstitial implantation with ¹²⁵I seed under computed tomographic (CT) guidance for recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC).

Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed on 17 patients with ROC who were treated with ¹²⁵I seed brachytherapy. Treatment planning system was used preoperatively to determine the estimated seeds number and distribution; ¹²⁵I seeds were implanted into recurrent lesions under CT guidance. Therapeutic effectiveness and complications were noted during follow-up time.

Results Months are counted from the time of ¹²⁵I seed brachytherapy, and the median duration of follow-up was 10.5 months (3-23 months). The objective response rates after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months were 76.5%, 75.0%, 61.5%, 42.9%, and 40%, respectively. The pain relief rate was 61.5%, and the general living quality was improved dramatically. The median progression-free survival time was 5.4 months, the median overall survival time was 11.3 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 41.2%. Complications in this study were very mild; severe adverse events such as massive bleeding, intestinal fistula, and treatment-related deaths did not occur.

Conclusions Our initial experience showed that CT-guided ¹²⁵I seed interstitial implantation is safe and feasible in the treatment of patients with ROCs after multiple therapies.