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Phylogeny and Polymorphism in the Long Control Region, E6, and L1 of Human Papillomavirus Types 53, 56, and 66 in Central Brazil
  1. Patrícia Soares Wyant, MSc*,
  2. Daniela Marreco Cerqueira, PhD,
  3. Daniella Sousa Moraes, MSc,
  4. José Paulo Gagliardi Leite, PhD§,
  5. Cláudia Renata Fernandes Martins, PhD,
  6. Marcelo de Macedo Brígido, PhD and
  7. Tainá Raiol, PhD
  1. * Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;
  2. ANVISA, Health Ministry, Brasília, Brazil;
  3. Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology,University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; and
  4. § Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Tainá Raiol, PhD, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, 70919-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil. E-mail: tainaraiol{at}gmail.com.

Abstract

Introduction: Several studies related that different human papillomavirus (HPV) types and intratype variants can present different oncogenic potential. In opposite to HPVs 16 and 18 variants, information about variants of other carcinogenic HPV types is still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of HPVs 53, 56, and 66 from Central Brazil isolates.

Methods: The long control region (LCR), E6, and L1 genomic regions were amplified and sequenced. We evaluate for nucleotide variations in relation to the reference sequence of each HPV type and also the conservation of physicochemical properties of the deduced amino acid substitutions. In silico analysis was performed to locate binding sites for transcriptional factors within the LCR. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis with the Central Brazilian and worldwide sequences available at genomic databases.

Results: Gathering LCR, E6, and L1 genomic regions, the highest genetic variability was found among HPV-53 isolates with 52 nucleotide variations, followed by HPVs 56 and 66 with 24 and 16 nucleotide substitutions, respectively. The genetic analysis revealed 11 new molecular variants of all HPV types analyzed, totalizing 31 new nucleotide and 3 new amino acid variations. Eight nonconservative amino acid substitutions were detected, which may indicate a biological and pathogenic diversity among HPV types. Furthermore, 8 nucleotide substitutions were localized at putative binding sites for transcription factors in the LCR with a potential implication on viral oncogene expression. The HPVs 53, 56, and 66 phylogenetic analysis confirmed a dichotomic division only described to HPV subtypes and different from the patterns described for HPVs 16 and 18 variants.

Conclusions: The high genetic variability observed emphasizes the importance of investigating polymorphisms in types other than HPVs 16 or 18 to better understand the molecular genomic profile of viral infection by different HPV types.

  • Cervical cancer
  • HPV variants
  • Phylogeny
  • Genetic variability

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