Introduction/Background*Surgical wound complications in breast oncoplastic surgery can compromise the final aesthetic results as well as delay the onset of adjuvant treatment. The aim of our study is to determine whether negative pressure therapy, applied preventively, can reduce the incidence and severity of these complications.

Methodology A randomized prospective study has been designed. In it, patients have been randomized to 2 treatment groups: the first of them, consisting of placement of a negative pressure dressing (PICO 7Y ®), after surgical intervention and, the second one, consisting of the placement of a conventional dressing. The study has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee. The target population are all those patients who are candidates for oncoplastic surgery. After surgery, 4 follow-up visits have been carried out, at 7, at 15, at 21 and at 120 days, respectively. In all visits, the incidence and severity of complications have been recorded, as well as measurement of skin characteristics by Mexameter® and evaluation of the aesthetic results and experience of the patients through the Breast-Q form. The start of recruitment took place in January 2021. The analysis of the data has been carried out by intention to process. The level of statistical significance has been set at p<0.005.

Result(s)*At present, 26 women are included in the study (12 PICO® and 14 controls). The mean overall age was 56.85 (95% CI 53.14–60.56), with no significant differences in both arms (p=0.0641). Both groups have been found to be homogeneous in the rest of the variables that can interfere with the healing process. The most frequent surgical site complication has been hematoma in both groups, with no significant differences found when comparing the incidences (p=0.239). The mean time to adjuvant treatment from surgery was 48.1 (range: 28–72) days, being in the PICO group 37.3 (28–49) days and in the control group 54.3 (34–72) days (p=0.096).

Conclusion*Despite not finding statistically significant differences in our study, negative pressure therapy applied preventively shows a tendency to present a lower rate of complications and a shorter time interval at the onset of adjuvant therapy.