Introduction/Background*Vaginal malignant lesions (VML) are a rather rare pathology and account for only 1-2% of all cases of cancer of the female reproductive system. In Belarus, over a 20-year period (2000–2019), 690 cases of VML (C52) were registered. The aim of the study was to estimate incidence, mortality and survival rate of newly diagnosed VML in Belarus from 2000 to 2019.

Methodology The data from the Belarusian Cancer Registry were analyzed.

Result(s)*The estimated age-standardized incidence rate of VML per 100,000 female population in Belarus has increased from 0.2 in 2000 to 0.4 in 2019 (p >0.05). The mortality rate for 20 years was at the same level and amounted to 0-0.2 per 100,000 female population.

Of all newly diagnosed cases of VML over 20 years, 71.9% (496) were residents of the city and 28.1% (194) were rural residents.

The analysis of the age distribution showed two peaks of morbidity in the age categories 50-54 and 70-74 years, and these peaks are observed in all five-year periods.

Comparison of two ten-year periods (2000-2009 and 2010-2019) showed that rate of stage I increased by 11% (from 28.3% to 39.3%), as rate of stages II and III decreased by 7.2% (from 42.4% to 35.2%) and 5.4% (from 16.8% to 11.4%), respectively, and no change for stage IV (from 10.0% to 11.4%).

Comparison of 5-year adjusted survival rates between 2000 and 2019 showed increased by 9.7% for stage I (71.0%±20.9% and 77.9%±9.8%, respectively), increased almost doubled at stages II and III (40.7%±10.5% and 75.5%±6.5%, 32.0%±9.8% and 53.9%±18.0%, respectively), and stage IV patients do not survive the 5-year mark.

Conclusion*In Belarus, for 20 years, morbidity and mortality of VMN remain stable. The quality of diagnostics has improved due to an increase in incidence of stage I and a decrease of stages II and III, as well as improved approaches to treatment, which is confirmed by data on an increase in survival.