Introduction/Background The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review evidence supporting the use of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines to influence the risk of recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after surgical treatment.

Methodology A systematic literature search was performed for publications reporting risk of recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after surgical treatment in patients receiving human papillomavirus vaccination (either in the prophylactic or adjuvant setting). Comprehensive searches of 6 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and references of identified studies) from their inceptions were performed (English language only), and hand search reference lists were performed. Two independent reviewers applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to select included papers, with differences agreed by consensus. The literature search was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results A total of 5744 citations were reviewed; 5 studies comprising 3562 patients were selected for the analysis. There were 1453 patients in the vaccinated group and 2109 in the placebo or unvaccinated group. The incidence of histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ was reduced in the vaccinated compared to the unvaccinated group (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.35 – 0.74, p = 0.0003). The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one recurrence was 43. Both pre-treatment vaccination (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.25–0.94, p=0.03, NNT-40) and adjuvant vaccination (OR 0.53, 95%CI 0.34–0.81, p=0.004, NNT–38) reduced recurrence rates.

Conclusion Prophylactic or adjuvant human papillomavirus vaccination reduces the risk of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+. These data support further investigation of its role as an adjuvant to surgical treatment.

Disclosures No conflict of interest to declare.