Introduction There is currently no standard of care for women with cervical cancer stage IB2 (FIGO 2019, diameter 2–4 cm) who wish to preserve their fertility. Generally, two approaches are offered. Option 1: neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (NACT) to reduce the tumor size to ≤ 2 cm, followed by Vaginal Radical Trachelectomy (VRT) with Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (PLND) either before chemotherapy or at the time of VRT. Option 2: Abdominal Radical Trachelectomy (ART) with PLND.

Objective To compare rates of fertility, pregnancy, life births as well as recurrence for women with cervical cancer stage IB2 treated with either NACT followed by VRT, or ART.

Methods A systematic review was performed using the PubMed database. Articles reporting the search term ‘trachelectomy’ as text word or as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were identified.

Results Ten studies were identified with a total of 338 patients. After NACT followed by VRT 39% of the women tried to conceive, 70% of these women got pregnant, of which 63% resulted in a life birth. The overall recurrence and death rate were 10% and 2.9% respectively. After ART 40% of the women tried to conceive, 21% of these women got pregnant, which resulted in a life birth rate of 42%. Recurrence and death rate after ART were 6.9%, and 3.4% respectively.

Conclusion Women with cervical cancer stage IB2 and a wish to preserve fertility treated with NACT followed by VRT have a significantly higher chance of pregnancy than women treated with ART, with comparative oncological results.