Introduction According to the World Health Organization in 2018, cervical cancer is a major public health problem and ranks 4th among female cancers. But one study carried out in Madagascar, revealed that the cervical cancer constitutes the second gynecological cancer after the breast cancer with the rate increasing from 17.7% (in 1996) to 18.67% (in 2006).

Methods Retrospective and descriptive study of cervical cancers diagnosed in our laboratory between January 2015 – December 2019.

Results We collected 364 cases of cervical cancer, account for 58.33% of the cervical samples received in our laboratory. It represents 24.57% of cancers diagnosed in our laboratory during our study and 69% of gynecological cancers. The average age of the patients was 52.45 years with extremes of 26 and 83 years. The peak frequency was in the age group [40 – 49 years]. The presence of cervical mass was the clinical information communicated in n = 194 (53.29%) of the cases. Cancer was diagnosed in n = 326 (89.56%) on biopsy specimens and in n = 38 (10.43%) on surgical specimens. The histological types was squamous cell carcinoma in n = 325 (89.28%), adenocarcinoma in n = 37 (10.16%), and adenosquamous carcinoma in n = 2 (0.54%).

Conclusion Cervical cancer is the most frequently diagnosed gynecological cancer in our laboratory. It mainly concerns the [40 – 49 years old] age group. Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histological type.